Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan

Part 1 — Of Man

Chapter IX — Of the Severall Subjects of Knowledge

There are of KNOWLEDGE two kinds; whereof one is Knowledge Of Fact: the other Knowledge Of The Consequence Of One Affirmation To Another. The former is nothing else, but Sense and Memory, and is Absolute Knowledge; as when we see a Fact doing, or remember it done: And this is the Knowledge required in a Witnesse. The later is called Science; and is Conditionall; as when we know, that, If The Figure Showne Be A Circle, Then Any Straight Line Through The Centre Shall Divide It Into Two Equall Parts. And this is the Knowledge required in a Philosopher; that is to say, of him that pretends to Reasoning.

The Register of Knowledge Of Fact is called History. Whereof there be two sorts: one called Naturall History; which is the History of such Facts, or Effects of Nature, as have no Dependance on Mans Will; Such as are the Histories of Metals, Plants, Animals, Regions, and the like. The other, is Civill History; which is the History of the Voluntary Actions of men in Common-wealths.

The Registers of Science, are such Books as contain the Demonstrations of Consequences of one Affirmation, to another; and are commonly called Books of Philosophy; whereof the sorts are many, according to the diversity of the Matter; And may be divided in such manner as I have divided them in the following Table.

I.  Science, that is, Knowledge of Consequences;
which is called also philosophy

     A.  Consequences from Accidents of Bodies Naturall;
     which is called Naturall Philosophy

        1.  Consequences from the Accidents common to
        all Bodies Naturall; which are Quantity, and Motion.

           a.  Consequences from Quantity, and Motion
           Indeterminate; which, being the Principles
           or first foundation of Philosophy,
           is called Philosophia Prima

              PHILOSOPHIA PRIMA

           b.  Consequences from Motion, and
           Quantity Determined

              1) Consequences from Quantity,
              and Motion Determined

                 a) By Figure, By Number

                   1] Mathematiques,

                      GEOMETRY ARITHMETIQUE

              2) Consequences from the Motion,
              and Quantity of Bodies in Speciall

                 a) Consequences from the Motion,
                 and Quantity of the great parts
                 of the World, as the Earth and Stars,

                    1] Cosmography

                       ASTRONOMY GEOGRAPHY

                 b) Consequences from the Motion
                 of Speciall kinds, and Figures of Body,

                    1] Mechaniques, Doctrine of Weight

                       Science of ENGINEERS
                       ARCHITECTURE NAVIGATION

        2.  PHYSIQUES, or Consequences from Qualities

           a.  Consequences from the Qualities of
           Bodies Transient, such as sometimes
           appear, sometimes vanish

              METEOROLOGY

           b.  Consequences from the
           Qualities of Bodies Permanent

              1) Consequences from the
              Qualities of the Starres

                 a) Consequences from the
                 Light of the Starres.
                 Out of this, and the
                 Motion of the Sunne,
                 is made the Science of

                    SCIOGRAPHY

                 b) Consequences from the Influence of
                 the Starres,

                    ASTROLOGY

              2) Consequences of the Qualities from
              Liquid Bodies that fill the space between
              the Starres; such as are the Ayre,
              or substance aetherial.

              3) Consequences from Qualities of
              Bodies Terrestrial

                 a) Consequences from parts of
                 the Earth that are without Sense,

                    1] Consequences from Qualities of
                    Minerals, as Stones, Metals, &c .

                    2] Consequences from the Qualities
                    of Vegetables

                 b) Consequences from Qualities
                 of Animals

                    1] Consequences from Qualities
                    of Animals in Generall

                       a] Consequences from Vision,

                          OPTIQUES

                       b] Consequences from Sounds,

                          MUSIQUE

                       c] Consequences from the
                       rest of the senses

                    2] Consequences from Qualities
                    of Men in Speciall

                       a] Consequences from
                       Passions of Men,

                          ETHIQUES

                       b] Consequences from Speech,

                          i) In Magnifying,
                          Vilifying, etc.

                             POETRY

                          ii) In Persuading,

                              RHETORIQUE

                          iii) In Reasoning,

                               LOGIQUE

                          iv) In Contracting,

                              The Science of JUST
                              and UNJUST

     B.  Consequences from the Accidents of
     Politique Bodies; which is called
     POLITIQUES, and CIVILL PHILOSOPHY

        1.  Of Consequences from the Institution
        of COMMON-WEALTHS, to the Rights, and
        Duties of the Body Politique, or Soveraign.

        2.  Of Consequences from the same,
        to the Duty and Right of the Subjects.

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Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes.